Reply to 2 other classmates by offering 1 new piece of information to add to their discussion of the different disorders
The first chapter of the text describes the different types of theories that have been studied. Erik Erickson’s personality theory is a commonly accepted theory that gives insight to 8 different stages. Each stage of life consists of a crisis that must be experienced. There is a conclusion to be drawn from each stage. Failing to succeed in one stage may very well lead to difficulty in the next stage. A positive experience in the early stages can lead to a more healthy responsive to future crisis situations. Erickson’s theory focuses on these psychosocial stages which makes his theory more appealing than others to counseling professionals (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015).
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Piaget’s cognitive development Theory consists of 4 stages to explain the different phases things are learned or naturally develop. Piaget believed there are stages within the 4 main stages. He claimed that there are some areas that a person may excel at while failing in another in the midst of the same stage. Experiences play a large role in this theory. Cognitive development will increase based off of what a child has already learned and will adapt their new information to their previous knowledge. This theory encourages children to explore their freedom while believing their experiences will carry them to the next stage when they are ready. Piaget believed that reasoning and understanding will come naturally (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015).
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory consists of 5 developmental stages. Freud believed their to be 3 parts to a person’s mind. He believed in the biological self which he referred to as the Id. This is the pursuit of gratification aspect of a persons mind. As a believer it could be considered the human nature of a person who is seeking the outcome of their selfish desires. The Id focuses on the basic needs of a person such as the drive of hunger or for sex. Then there is the ego which is the rational approach giving sense to self-protection and reality. Finally he explains the Super Ego which includes the constraints that are needed. Some may describe this a conscience or guilt complex. Freud’s 5 stages layout a thorough outline for the phases a child passes through all the way to adulthood. He explained that fairly to meet the needs in one area will surely lead to over fixation in the next (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015).
Spiritual development gives purpose to a persons life. When a person is developing spiritualyl they have a hope that they did not have before which can combat the fear and worry that come with life. It is difficult to go through challenging circumstances but much more so when there is no hope or stability to lean on during those times. Someone who is suffering in a hard season of life will be much more prone to depression if fighting these circumstances alone. Though Christians experience depression in this life as well they have a hope that a non-believer does not have. Depression is a painful giant to fight but when there is knowledge of a steady savior, hope rises. Emotionally a person is given hope to overcome these difficult emotions. In time a person can experience physical change when the emotional stressors are lifted which can be done by growing spiritually. Socially a person may obtain healthy relationships especially when their identity has been built up spiritually. How much more easily it is to love people when one has lived in the love of the Lord first. David is a mighty example of seeking the Lord even when we do not feel his presence. Hearts can be so drastically changed when they seek God despite the feeling or the circumstance that currently surrounds.
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