Perioperative Warming To Prevent Hypothermia And Shivering
Patients undergoing a surgical intervention have the possibility to develop perioperative hypothermia and shivering. The normal human core temperature varies between 36.5°C (Celsius) and 37.5°C (Kiekkas, Poulopoulou, Papahatzi, & Souleles, 2005). Several studies define hypothermia as temperature below 36°C (Smith, Sidhu, Lucas, Mehta, & Pinchak, 2007, Sissler, 1997 and Bitner, Hilde, & Duvendack, 2007).
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Shivering as defined by (Holtzclaw, 2006, pp. 553-555) is the involuntary shaking of the body as a protection against cold. Intraoperative heat loss can occur to conduction by patients coming into contact with cold surface such as the operating table and convection with the use of cold inhalation gases. Further heat is lost through evaporation due to exposure of large surgical sites and radiation caused by exposure to cold operating room temperatures (DeLaune & Ladner, 2002).
Thermoregulation in humans is accomplished by a physiological control system made up of central and peripheral thermoreceptors, an integrating control centre and afferent response systems, which take compensatory action. The central control mechanism which is located in the hypothalamus, establishes and regulates the body temperatu………..
Perioperative normothermia can be achieved by using warming devices. These include by either warming and humidifying inhaled gases or warming the body by using heated blankets, forced air blankets and fluid warmers.
Increasing room temperature is also important, especially when the patient is exposed during skin preparation and positioning (DeLaune & Ladner, 2002). Forced air warming units draw ambient room air through a filter……………..
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