During a routine physical a 56 year old retired case worker was found to have hypertension.

During a routine physical a 56 year old retired case worker was found to have hypertension.

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1. Answer all questions with material that explains your answers. Yes/no answers receive NO credit.
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4. Total possible points = 25 points

During a routine physical a 56 year old retired case worker was found to have hypertension. The patient did not experience any unusual symptoms and had no complaints. Upon examination, chest x rays showed an enlarged left atrium and left ventricle. Blood pressure readings were 154/93mmHg. ( normal BP is 120/80mmHg. With hypertension defined as 140/90mmHg or greater).  Cardiac evaluation resulted in the following information:

Cardiac output (CO)                           3.4L/min.

Blood pressure (BP)                            154/93 mm Hg

Heart sounds revealed no valvular regurgitation.

Upon follow up appointments she was diagnosed with chronic hypertension.

The doctor prescribes  prazosin hydrochloride which is a a-adrenergic-blocking agent and propranolol with is a beta adrenergic-blocking agent.

Follow up visits reveal normal BP for the patient.

Autonomic Nervous System Analysis

1. Explain the anatomical differences between the Somatic Nervous system and the ANS.

What does dual innervation mean? You may use a diagram. (5 points)

2. What neurotransmitters are released by somatic, what neurotransmitters are released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons, postganglionic sympathetic neurons, preganglionic parasympathetic neurons and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons? (5 points)

3. What is an adrenergic neurotransmitter? What ANS system releases this type of neurotransmitter? (4 points)

4. Adrenergic receptors are classified as either Alpha or Beta. What neurotransmitters bind to a ( alpha ) and b (beta ) receptors. (5 points)

5. What is the mechanism of action of the 2 drugs? (5 points)

6. site your references (1pts)